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Capillary bleeding refers to superficial abrasion wounds. There will be oozing from the wound and it usually stops in a few minutes with little assistance. If necessary, bandage the wound, being careful not to apply adhesive to any part of the abrasion.
Venous bleeding is more severe than capillary bleeding but is not under pressure like arterial bleeding. It is characterised by steady oozing or running of dark red coloured blood. You should first apply direct pressure with a bandage or gloved hand. Do not lift the bandage to check for clotting. Instead, lift your hand to see if blood is seeping through the bandage. You may have the patient hold the dressing in place while you use roller gauze, beginning at the distal end, furthest from the heart, and secure a bandage. Activate EMS.
Arterial bleeding is characterised by brighter red blood that may pulsate or spurt. Apply direct pressure with a dressing. If blood leaks through, apply one more dressing on top, if there is a lot of blood coming through you may need to remove all dressings and start again, you will need to use your judgement.
If there are no bone fractures or spinal cord injuries, elevate the wound above the heart. Once bleeding is under control, use roller gauze to secure the dressing, beginning at the distal end and working towards the heart. You can twist the gauze to apply more pressure. Check to make sure blood is not leaking through, and that the bandage is not having a tourniquet effect. Elevate the wound, and call EMS or take the patient to the nearest hospital.
